Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma- fractures related to pelvis and acetabulam are the most serious injuries treated by orthopeadic doctors. This traumatic accident causes fractures that are less common and happens due to a bad vehicle accident or fall. Pelvic and acetabulam fractures need specialized treatments and one or more surgical procedures. Elderly people with fragile bones develop pelvic fractures and acetabular fracture due to osteoporosis.
Pelvic Fractures- the pelvis is the strong ring of bones located at the base of the spine. Most pelvic fractures happen due to some type of traumatic incident. Pelvis is near to major blood vessels and organs because of that pelvic fracture may cause extensive bleeding and other injuries that may need an immediate treatment. Due to a minor fall, pelvic fracture may happen to elderly people who have weak bones.
Acetabulum fractures- it is a break in the socket portion of the ball – and- socket hip joint. These types of hip joint fractures are very rare. These acetabulur fractures are caused because of some major accident like car collision. Many of these incidents will have additional injuries that may require immediate attention. Treatment for these fractures involves surgery to restore the normal anatomy of the hip. When the acetabulum is fractured, the femoral head will not fit properly into the socket and cartilage surface of both the bones might have damaged. If the joints are unstable, it may lead to arthritis.
Polytrauma means multiple complex injuries of the brain and body due to major accidents or blasts etc. this condition is life threatening because of head injuries, loss of vision, hearing problem, nerve damage, multiple bone fractures, severe body wounds and infections. Other injuries may include spinal cord damage and many patients experience traumatic brain injury.
Multiple bone fractures in the infant can be associated with trauma, metabolic bone disease, or hereditary bone dysplasia. Identification of this problem is very difficult, therefore, radiological, clinical evaluations, genetic studies are done properly. The most common cause of multiple fractures in infants is osteogenesis imperfect (OI).
Pelvic ring injuries occur due to falls from height or vehicle accidents. A pelvic fracture is a break of the bony structure of the pelvis, which includes break of the sacrum, hip bones or tailbone. The injured person experience severe pain when he tries to move. This injury may cause internal bleeding, injury to the bladder or vaginal trauma. A Sacrum is a large triangular bone which is at the end of the spine and attaches to the pelvis bone. This may be caused due to stress or weakened bones. It is mostly observed in athletes, certain diseases which cause mineral loss such as abnormal menstrual cycles, who have osteoporosis, arthritis, if you are under radiation therapy. The main symptom is lower back pain, pain in the pelvis or hip area.
Pelvic external fixation is indicated for temporary or definitive stabilization of unstable pelvic ring injury. This is done to reduce internal hemorrhage and stop the blood loss to save the life. Pelvis bleeding is caused mainly by tearing of pelvis veins which continue to bleed till the lost blood fills the space in it. Pelvic fixator is applied under local anesthesia through small skin puncture wounds. As soon as the patient is haemodynamically stable the external fixation may be converted to internal fixation. It is done because prolonged external fixation may cause discomfort, skin problems and infections.
Shock is condition where the person organs are not getting enough blood or oxygen. It may result from trauma, heat stroke, blood loss, infections. This condition needs to be treated soon otherwise it may cause permanent damage to multiple organs and also life threatening. There are 4 types of shocks – obstructive shock, cardiogenic shock, distributive shock, hypovolemic shock.
Hypotension is a medical term for low blood pressure; if the person is healthy with no symptoms of low blood pressure then it is not a concern and doesn’t need any treatment. For elderly people, this may cause problems such as improper blood flow to the heart, brain, and other vital organs.
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